Everything about Francis Ii Duke Of Brittany totally explained
Francis II (in
Breton Frañsez II, in
French François II) (
June 23 1433 –
September 9 1488) was
Duke of Brittany from
1458 to his death. He was the son of
Count Richard of Etampe and the grandson of Duke
John V. Francis' life was characterised by conflicts with King
Louis XI of France (
War of the Public Weal) and with his son
King Charles VIII.
Francis II was married twice, first to his cousin Margaret, princess of
Brittany, first daughter of
Duke Francis I, then to
Margaret of Foix, princess of
Navarre. Only one daughter,
Anne of Brittany, from his second marriage, survived to adulthood. Francis willed the
Honour of Richmond to
Henry VII of England. He also had three bastard children with
Antoinette de Maignelais, who had been the mistress of
Charles VII of France before.
During the minority of Charles VIII of France, Francis II aligned himself with the
Duke of Orleans and the count of
Angouleme against the regency of
Anne of France. In intervening in the politics of his neighbour France, however, he neglected his own realm. The actions of his corrupt and oppressive prime minister, Monsieur de Landois, caused a major revolt, which was supported by Anne and Charles, who were eager to get even with Francis II. Without assistance from Brittany's traditional allies, the English, who were embroiled in the
Wars of the Roses, Francis saw his duchy ravaged and Landois hanged by the infuriated people in what is known as the
Mad War (
La Guerre Folle). Even without Landois in power, the Bretons remained suspicious of their duke. Nevertheless, in
1486, the Estates of Brittany confirmed the succession of Brittany on Francis' daughter Anne, to assure independence from France.
The Treaty of Chateaubriant, signed in 1487 with France, reaffirmed Brittany's independence, but the French continued to harass the duchy. Francis then allied with
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, against France; however, Brittany was defeated
July 28 in the
Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier. A few days later, on
August 10, Francis was forced to sign the
Treaty of Verger. Under the terms of the treaty, the duke was compelled to submit himself and his duchy as a
vassal of the king of France. Francis II died shortly afterwards, following a fall from his horse during a leisurely ride. After his death, Charles VIII invaded Brittany and forced the heiress Anne to marry him, thus gaining control of the duchy.
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